How Much Does a Beef Sausage Cost Per Oz
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special effects and makeup tricks that brought some of the world's favorite movie characters to life, The Sorcerer of Oz (1939) had then much going on backside the emerald curtain and the Technicolor gloss of an amazing fantasy earth.
In laurels of the 80th ceremony of the film, follow the yellow brick slideshow to peek behind that drapery and larn more about the secrets and fun facts that brand the beloved flick a timeless archetype.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Earlier the Motion picture
As a self-proclaimed lifelong fan of L. Frank Baum's Oz serial, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to exist considered for a role in the 1939 film accommodation. Hamilton chosen her agent to ask which character the producers wanted her to play, and her agent famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a single female parent, fought MGM for an agreed upon amount of guaranteed work fourth dimension. Iii days before filming began, the studio agreed to a five-calendar week deal. In the end, Hamilton was on fix for three months, merely many of her scenes were cut for being too scary for audiences.
Dorothy's Original Look Was More Motion picture Star Than Farm Daughter
Certain, Dorothy Gale doesn't need prosthetics or aluminum makeup, merely that doesn't mean Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume section wringer. Although she was immature at the fourth dimension, the 16-year-old Garland had to wear a corset-similar device and so she looked more than like a preadolescent child.
Director Richard Thorpe suggested Garland wear a blonde wig and loads of "baby-doll" makeup (equally any preadolescent girl would…). Luckily, that vision of the character inverse. After MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate managing director George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to exist herself. Smart move.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Great Pic Magic
The Magician of Oz employs a lot of cracking film tricks, and some of the nearly unique were used in the skywriting scene. In it, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies higher up the Emerald City, leaving the phrase "Surrender Dorothy" in her wake in blackness fume.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special effects squad spread black ink across the lesser of a drinking glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in reverse and filmed the scene from beneath. Initially, the skywriting ended with the ominous "Or Die — W W West."
The "Snow" in the Poppy Field Was Actually Dangerous
1 of the Wicked Witch's last-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy'south quest to meet the Wonderful Wizard of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical slumber-inducing snowfall. While many like to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the result of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more blatant toxic connection than that.
All that magical snow? It's actually 100% industrial-grade chrysotile asbestos. Even though the wellness risks associated with the material were known at the time, it was nonetheless Hollywood's preferred option for faux snowfall. Our communication to Dorothy? Don't catch any snowflakes on your tongue.
Scarecrow'south Makeup Stuck Effectually for Awhile
In the end, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful in more ways than ane for Buddy Ebsen (the original Tin Human being's) willingness to trade parts with him. The Tin Human being's aluminum makeup caused a huge corporeality of issues for Ebsen, who was replaced by Jack Haley.
Although Bolger's makeup experience was amend than Ebsen'southward, he however had some issues. The Scarecrow's makeup consisted of a rubber prosthetic, complete with a woven pattern that mimicked the look of burlap. Afterward the picture show wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger's face up that took more than than a year to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Gear up
In a burst of flames and red smoke, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, it may have instilled more fear for Hamilton. On the first take, the smoke rose from a hidden trapdoor too early.
For the second have, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor every bit planned, but her greatcoat snagged on the platform when the fire flared upward. Her copper-containing makeup heated up instantly, causing 2d- and tertiary-degree burns on her hands and face. To make matters worse, the crew tried to remedy her burns with (an even more than painful) acetone solvent.
The Flight Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch'due south legion of flying monkeys — or Winged Monkeys equally they're called in the source fabric — have certainly been a source of terror for generations. Well-nigh as scary every bit the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — thank you to the magic of pianoforte wires.
However, the aerial stunt went awry when several of the piano wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few feet to the soundstage floor. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cutting down on human marionettes), filmmakers made miniature rubber monkeys to assistance populate the sky.
"Over the Rainbow" Was Almost on the Cutting Room Floor
To no i's surprise, the American Motion picture Establish ranked "Over the Rainbow" #1 on a listing of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. Only what may surprise you? The (arguably) about iconic song of Judy Garland's career was nearly cutting from the motion-picture show.
Studio execs at MGM idea the vocal made the Kansas scenes likewise long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't sympathise the song's meaning. Luckily, this unfounded concern melted like lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland's tearful reprise of the song was left on the cutting room floor.
The Can Man Costume Didn't Allow Jack Haley to Rest Easy
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep around in a 90-pound lion costume, Jack Haley didn't accept it easy either. From the lingering concerns about the aluminum paste-based makeup on his face and hands to the minimal flexibility of the "tin" trunk and arms, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was and so stiff that he had to lean against a board to remainder properly. Many years after, actor Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the aforementioned outcome with his rigid costume. It seems even fantasy and sci-fi tin can't help folks escape all their issues.
The Original Tin Man Was Rushed to the Infirmary
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was cast as the Scarecrow, but traded parts with Ray Bolger. All the same, Ebsen's new character, the Tin Man, acquired him a globe of issues. Namely, the graphic symbol'south silver makeup contained a harmful aluminum dust that coated Ebsen's lungs.
To brand matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to exhale, he was rushed to the hospital. MGM recast the role with Jack Haley (and changed upward the makeup), merely didn't explain why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't appear in the final film, his vocals can be heard in "We're Off to See the Wizard."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave U.s. the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is full of practical special effects that really concord up. The funnel itself was actually a 35-pes long stocking made of muslin. The special effects squad spun it around miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Against the painted backdrop, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale business firm, which falls from the sky and into Oz, is only a miniature house that was dropped onto a sky painting. Filmmakers then reversed the footage to make it look like the house was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Up Then Either
Pay inequality has ever been an result in Hollywood. For example, Adriana Caselotti, vocalisation of the titular character in Walt Disney'due south Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), made $970 for her performance. The film went on to brand roughly $8 1000000.
According to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland'due south pay was improve than Caselotti's — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a week — but it still didn't reverberate the motion-picture show's success. Even more discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $50 per calendar week. (Meanwhile, Terry the domestic dog earned $125 per week as Toto. A real yikes.)
Bert Lahr'due south Lion Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM thought it might cast its mascot — the actual lion used in the studio's championship card — equally the cowardly character. Fortunately, for the condom of the actors and the animate being, the filmmakers decided to bandage actor Bert Lahr equally the anthropomorphic character instead.
To make a convincing creature, the costume department fashioned Lahr a xc-pound outfit made from real lion skin. Still, the arc lights used on set made things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his character's nerves. Each dark, two stagehands dried the costume for the next solar day.
The Initial Box Office Returns Were Uneven
The motion-picture show started shooting in October of 1938 only didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking upwards an unheard of $two,777,000 in costs. That's near $50 million adjusted for aggrandizement. Upon its initial release, the movie only earned $3 million at the box function — about $51.viii one thousand thousand by today's standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Depression-era movie, retrieve that Disney made $eight meg with Snow White and the Vii Dwarfs (1937). The Wizard of Oz's modest success in the U.S. barely covered production and moving-picture show rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — but success overseas fortunately bolstered the movie's returns.
The Nighttime Side of Oz in a Time Before "Me Likewise"
Judy Garland was merely 16 years former when she was cast as Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were often given to young actors to aid them sleep after studios shot them upwards with adrenaline so they could work long hours.
The spotlight — and her dissentious contract with MGM — didn't help, leading to her lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. Co-ordinate to a writer for Express, "[Garland] was molested by older men, including studio chiefs [and head Louis B. Mayer], who considered her little more than than their 'property.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy diet of cigarettes, coffee and chicken soup.
The Voice of Snow White Had a Cameo
A few years before The Wizard of Oz debuted, Walt Disney's feature-length blithe motion picture Snow White and the Vii Dwarfs (1937) became a nail-striking. Not only did the motion-picture show revolutionize the animation industry, it besides reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow upwardly Snow White — then the most successful film of all time — with an adaptation of The Wizard of Oz, but MGM owned the rights. By happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snowfall White, had an uncredited function in Oz. During the Can Man'southward "If I But Had a Middle," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore art one thousand Romeo?"
The Cherry-red Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the volume, Dorothy'southward iconic footwear was originally silver, just screenwriter Noel Langley felt the crimson color would really pop in glorious Technicolor. Designed past MGM's primary costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in about ii,300 sequins.
One of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History. Since the display is so heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the carpet in that location several times. Some other pair were stolen from Minnesota's Judy Garland Museum in 2005, but the FBI recovered the slippers for the institution in 2018.
Simply One Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Wizard of Oz is your classic adventure story, and Dorothy's quest leads her from a Kansas farm to another world — complete with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. Even so, despite all these scenic locations, nigh all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
Every bit was customary at the time, immense, detailed backdrops were painted past studio artists, making it possible for filmmakers to transport audiences to far abroad places without filming on location. In fact, the only location footage in the film is the opening championship sequence — those clouds are 100% the real bargain.
A Second Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily by Terry, is one of the well-nigh beloved dogs in motion-picture show history. Terry was famously not a huge fan of special effects and can often be seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — similar when the Tin can Man spouts out all of that steam.
After one of the Witch's guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for ii weeks. Filmmakers went through two doubles to detect one that resembled the original canine actor more than closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was so addicted of Terry that she wanted to adopt the dog.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In addition to beingness a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton too believed her character was more than just your run-of-the-mill evil villain. More than 35 years after the film debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch's costume to show kids it was brand-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her nigh the character.
According to Hamilton, the and then-called Wicked Witch relished everything she did, but she was likewise a sad, lonely figure. In brusque, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly enough, the Broadway musical Wicked likewise takes this approach to the Witch's graphic symbol.
The "Equus caballus of a Different Color" Was Fabricated Possible Cheers to a Food Product
In 1939, audiences were just as amazed as Dorothy, Scarecrow, Tin Human and the Cowardly King of beasts when the equus caballus in Emerald City took on a rainbow of colors. This "horse of a different colour" was made possible cheers to a surprising food particular…
Jell-O crystals were used to colour the horses, which meant filmmakers had to move quickly — the animals were eager to lick upwards the sweet care for. Only the colorful steed isn't the but interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The equus caballus-drawn railroad vehicle was once owned by President Abraham Lincoln and now resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Department Hired on Extra Easily
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald Metropolis to the Witch's flying monkeys, so many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in gild to give life to this fantasy film. To proceed up with the daily demands, MGM called upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since most of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming assembly line. Most actors had to arrive before 5:00 in the morning — six days a week! — to brainstorm the intensive process.
Memorable (& Often Misquoted) Lines Fill the Flick
The picture is chock-full of iconic, memorable songs, and it has the bang-up fortune of being responsible for some of the most quoted lines in movie history too. In 2007, Premiere compiled a list of "The 100 Greatest Movie Lines" and placed a whopping three of the motion picture'due south lines on the list.
"Pay no attention to that homo behind the curtain" was voted #24, while "There'southward no place like home" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the frequently misquoted "Toto, I have a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch's Fire Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Clearly, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the film is incredible. Like the "horse of a dissimilar color" sequence, some other iconic, special effects-heavy scene harnessed the power of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Shortly afterwards Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the ruddy slippers from the young daughter'south anxiety. Nevertheless, burn strikes the Witch's hands, repelling her. This "fire" is actually apple juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-upwardly clip to make it look more flame-like.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Department
Experimenting with Technicolor was function fun and part trouble-solving for filmmakers. In order to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor camera, the soundstage needed to exist lit with arc lights, which often heated the set up to a toasty 100 degrees.
Afterward the lights were set, the experts experimented with what would look all-time on moving-picture show, particularly in colorized form. For example, the white part of Dorothy'south dress is actually pink — simply because information technology filmed ameliorate. And the oil the Tin Man is so excited virtually? It'south actually chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the East Makes More Than One Advent
Part of the Wicked Witch of the West's beef with Dorothy is that the young girl dropped a house on her sister, the Wicked Witch of the East, who was the brusk-lived owner of the reddish slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the West and her Kansas analogue Almira Gulch, she likewise plays the Wicked Witch of the Due east — if but briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an addled Dorothy looks out her sleeping room window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch exterior the window is wearing the ruby slippers. The restored version of the film makes that shimmer fifty-fifty more noticeable.
The Film'due south Running Time Was Cutting Downwardly Several Times
The commencement cut of the flick clocked in at a running time of 120 minutes. Although that seems like zip by today's Marvel movie standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt it was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off xx minutes.
After cutting the famed "Jitterbug" number (superlative right) and an extended Scarecrow dance sequence, the motion-picture show was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a second preview screening, and, afterwards, nixed Dorothy's "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald Urban center reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Expressionless," a scene where the Tin Man becomes a man beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
And then Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers deemed Margaret Hamilton's Wicked Witch of the W performance besides frightening for audiences and cut or trimmed many of her scenes. But not everyone thought her functioning was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch's nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the film's starring foes were really friends. Ane story that emerged from the set described Garland excitedly showing off a dress to Hamilton, declaring she was going to wear it for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM'southward Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a printing tour the day of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," equally opposed to the more apt "Color Sequences by Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes it seem as though the unabridged moving-picture show was shot in color. Was this done deliberately, or was it a small syntactical fake pas?
It's widely believed this was a bit of a stunt washed to raise the surprise of the picture turning into full iii-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters made at the fourth dimension of the film'due south debut made no mention of sepia tint (or "black-and-white"), adding credence to this theory.
One of History'south Almost-Watched Films
Although The Magician of Oz proved popular in theaters, another film released the aforementioned twelvemonth, also directed by Victor Fleming, really topped the box office. (Y'all may have heard of that little movie — it'southward called Gone with the Wind.) Nonetheless, MGM's musical fantasy may have more staying power than other films of the era, thank you in role to re-releases.
The film was kickoff circulate on telly on November three, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 million viewers. It'south believed that The Wizard of Oz is one of the 10 well-nigh-watched feature-length movies in film history, largely due to the number of annual telly screenings, theater viewings and diverse format re-releases.
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